Aniline-black discharge



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN BRAOEW ELL, OF NORTH ADAMS, MASSACHUSETTS.

ANlLlNE-BLACK DISCHARGE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 409,819,, dated August27, 1889.

Application filed February 9, 1889.

To all whom it may concern/.-

Be it known that 1, JOHN BRAOEWELL, of North Adams, in the oounty'ofBerkshire and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and usefulImprovement in the Method of Printing and Producing Discharges on Aniline-Black Grounds, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a new and useful method of printingdischarge-mixtures on aniline-black grounds, and producing the discharge of the aniline color therefrom; and it consists in certain newand useful improve-i ments in said method, substantially as here inafterdescribed and claimed.

The printing of discharge-mixtures upon aniline-black grounds hasheretofore been very difficult, and been pronounced practicallyimpossible by some, because in the process of drying the cloth after theapplication of the aniline-black color preparatory to printing thedischarge in patterns thereon, the oxida tion of the aniline proceededso rapidly that the discharge failed to set thereon properly. I havediscovered that this oxidation of the aniline during the drying processcan be retarded or prevented by conducting the final drying of the clothin air of a certain maximum temperature, so that not only does it notproceed during the drying process sufficiently to prevent the properaction of the discharge, but the cloth may be kept for some hours, ordays even, before applying the latter. This not only insures the perfectaction of the discharge in giving clear and beautifully-defined patternsin white or colors on the parts of the cloth where it acts, but itenables the processes of coloring, drying, printing, and fixing thepatterns on the fabrics to be carried on practically, steadily, andeconomically in the print-works, which would not be the case if driedwith steam or hot air in the usual way. To prevent these difiiculties, Ifirst print or pad the cloth on the face only, or I slop-pad or dye thecloth until it is thoroughly saturated with the aniline black color. Ithen partially dry the cloth on ordinary steam drying-cans, at atemperature of steam at about ten pounds pressuretothe inch, or, say,190 to 230 Fahren heit, until it is in a moist state. I then suspend orhang the cloth in a cool atmosphere- Serial No. 299,319. (No specimens.)

say about Fahrenheit temperature-and complete the drying process. Ahigher or lower temperature than 55 degrees Fahrenheit may be employedwith good results; but in no case should it be above Fahrenheit. Thepreliminary partial drying on the steamcans is to expedite the process,as the oxidation of the aniline-black color does not begin, under usualmethods of drying, until the lat ter part of the process. If time is notmaterial, the cloth may be entirely dried in air below 90 Fahrenheittemperature, as the final drying of it after it has reached the moiststage would be in that temperature, or below, the same as before. Thisfinal drying requires from one to twelve hours, according to the amountof moisture in the atmosphere.

Instead of partially drying on steam drums or cans, the cloth may bepartially dried in hot air, in the usual manner-say at about 160Fahrenheit down to the moist stageand then have the final drying in thecooler air, as above specified. This drying may also be accomplished bypassing the partially-dried goods through a box or chamber of the lowertemperature I name, and thus completing the drying in that Way; but Iprefer to suspend or hang them in a room to so complete the drying.\Vhen the cloth is thus properly dried for printing, itis taken to theprinting-machine and the discharge-mixture is printed thereon in thedesired figures or patterns. This discharge-mixture consists in acombination of an alkali with a gum solution of the usual thickness forprinting properly. Colors, especially pigments, may be mixed therewith,as hereinafter specified, if the pattern is to be in colors, or omittedif it is to be white on a black ground After the discharge-mixture isprinted 011 the cloth it is passed once or more through an aging-machinei. 6., one in which it is exposed to the action of steam and air underlittle, if any, pressure-in case the aniline-black color be of the typerequiring development by that means; or it may be developed further byhanging in the air and then passing it through a weak solution ofbichromate of potash, or an iron solution, or a mixture of them. In casethe aniline-black color is what is known as a steam color it is exposedto steam and a pressure in a steamingbox, or run through a so-calledcontinuous steamer, in either case preceded, if preferred, by passing itonce or more through an aging machine. This is the method I prefer inusing steam colors, and I have devised the mixture of color and processtherefor, hereinafter given, for which I shall apply for patentsimmediately after this one.

The following proportions of ingredients may be employed for theaniline-black color, to be developed by the aging-machine or room, asabove described.

Dissolve in acopper color-pan four pounds of chlorate of potash and sixpounds of ferrocyanide-of-soda crystals in six gallons of water. Thenadd three pounds of corn-starch and boil till thickened, and cool. Thenadd seven pounds of aniline-salt crystals dissolved in one and one-halfgallons of Water. Then add six ounces of aniline-oil. After thoroughmixing the color is ready for use. By using a larger amount ofcornstarch the above color can then be employed for producing the blackon one side of the fabric by the means of a pad copper-roller in aprinting-machine. It can also be used for producing cover effects.

For the discharge-mixtu re, to be printed on the aniline-black ground,as above described, take gum substitute, four pounds; acetate of soda,four pounds; Water, eight pounds. Dissolve and mix thoroughly.

If the pattern is to be in color, mix With the above the desiredpigment, and use albumen,

either egg or blood, in place of the gum substitute. Ohromate of sodaand other soda and potash salts can be used in place of acetate of sodafor pigment color-discharge. Other soda and potash salts can be used inplace of acetate of soda for White discharge.

What I claim as new and of my'invention 1s- 1. The described process ofdrying and printing discharges on aniline-black colors that is to say,first treating the cloth with the prepared solution of aniline-blackcolor, as described, then drying the same in an atmosphere at atemperature below 90 Fahrenheit, andlinally printing an alkali dischargethereon in patterns before the oxidation of the aniline color,substantially as described.

2. The described process of drying and printing discharges onaniline-black colors that is to say, first treating the cloth With theprepared solution of aniline-black color, as described, then drying thesame to a moist state by steam or atmospheric heat above 90 Fahrenheit,and completing the drying in an atmosphere at a temperature of less than90 Fahrenheit, and finally printing an alkali discharge thereon inpatterns before the oxidation of the aniline color, substantially asdescribed.

JOHN BRAOEXVELL. Vitnesses:

L. F. CHAPIN, DAVID HALL RICE.

